Types Of Tumor Affects The Brain - 1083 Words

Abstract: Brain is one of the vital organ in human body, it has an extensive capillary network which is highly vascularized. The brain capillary endothelial cells (BCECs), astrocytes, pericytes and neuron forms the blood brain barrier (BBB) [1]. There are several types of tumor affects the brain, one such type of tumor is Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM). GBM is the most frequent and aggressive form of primary tumor found in central nervous system, the world health organization (WHO) defined GBM as grade IV astrocytoma [2]. Therefore, this urge us to propose a novel technique to treat GBM. Carrier- Graphene oxide xxxxxxxxxxx, silica nanocapsules, xxxxxxxxxxx, drugs- Doxorubicin XXXXXXXXXXXXXX, tetrandrine XXXXXXXXXXXXXXXXX, targeting ligands – chlorotoxin, xxxxxxxx transferrin xxxxxxxxxxxx (Zeng please fill this) And then test for characterization, invitro and invivo for synthesized nanocomplex. Aim: The overall aim of this proposal is to synthesis a biocompatible nanocomplex which as an ability to pass through the BBB and specifically to treat GBM by sustained drug release. Then, to study the synergistic reinforced effect of two drugs and their resistance against fast clearance. Herein, we hypothesis, that our synthesized nanocomplex will have increased bioavailability of drugs, increased specificity for BBB and GBM, reduced drug side effects and finally, has targeted and sustained drug release. As illustrated in figure 1 the synthesized nanocomplexShow MoreRelatedEssay What are Tumors and How Can They Affect the Brain?1464 Words   |  6 Pagesdoctor found a benign, tumor within my friend’s brain at the age of thirteen, but he is now twenty-four years old and as healthy as ever. My father is the other person I know who had a tumor. A team of doctors found his tumor when he was thirty-nine years old; I was only four years old at the time. His was also benign but it was within a different spot of his brain, unfortunately he passed away twelve years after he found out he had it. What are brain tumors? Brain tumors are masses of cells thatRead MoreEpendymoma- Brain Tumor1504 Words   |  6 PagesEpendymoma is a type of brain tumor and while it is rare in adults, accounting for 2-3% of brain tumors, ependymoma is mainly found in children and accounts for around 5% of all childhood brain cancers (American Cancer Society [ACS], 2014, January 31; American Brain Tumor Association [ABTA], n.d.). The survival rate of patients with ependymoma who have survived five years after their tumor is detected is 75% Tumors occur when cells grow to excess and form a mass. While some tumors are benign, meaningRead MoreHow Does Homeostasis Affect Homeostasis1413 Words   |  6 Pages Affects on Homeostasis When biological systems tend to maintain stability while adjusting to conditions that are optimal for survival is Homeostasis. Homeostasis is kept in order by dynamic equilibrium, in which changes occur, but resists outside forces of change. However when a system is disturbed, feedback mechanisms control take action to reestablish a new balance. Homeostasis is important because by maintaining homeostasis, organisms remain healthy, strong and stable, with protection fromRead MoreRight Hemisphere And Relative Impairments1661 Words   |  7 Pageshemisphere of the brain is the â€Å"language hemisphere.† However, very few people know that the right hemisphere is also an important contributor to speech, language, and communication. Right hemisphere syndrome is a lesion in the right hemisphere of the brain that results from factors such as stokes, tumors, traumatic brain injury, or other neurological diseases (Blake, 2010). What is Stroke? Human’s body is a mechanism that constantly requires energy in order to function properly. 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The overall affects of this tragic and chronic disease is it can negatively affect a person’s confidence and therefore affect their basic life choices. Within this paper there willRead More The Effects of a Tumor on the Family Members Essay1261 Words   |  6 PagesThe Effects of a Tumor on the Family Members A tumor that is specifically in the frontal cortex can cause many changes physically and emotionally which can affect the way you interact with your family. Some of the functions of the frontal lobe are attention, abstract thought, problem solving, intelligence, creative thought, initiative inhibition, judgment, mood, major body movements, bowel and bladder control, memory and reasoning (retrieved from www.ect.org. What this meansRead MoreWhat Are Oncolytic Viruses?1225 Words   |  5 Pagesthe cancerous cell explodes. This releases the virus, tumor specific agents, and GM-CSF. This causes the immune system to recognize cancerous cells and fight them with the help of the virus. 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According to the study that was made in London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine and Queen Mary, University of London showed thatRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of Cancer1528 Words   |  7 PagesINRODUCTION Oncology, a branch of science that deals with tumors and cancer, has always looked at cancer and its treatment through a biological lens. Cancer is a disease that develops when cells abnormally divide and multiply without control (Depression and Cancer). The treatment of cancer includes, but is not limited to, chemotherapy. This treatment aims to shrink tumors that result from unnecessary cells that keep dividing and multiplying. As chemotherapy only focuses on the biological treatment

The Louvre Free Essays

With a surface of 210,000 m2 of them are devoted to exhibitions. This museum holds 35,000 masterpieces and eight different collections. To be able to visit the entire museum I had to go several times and take over from where I left. We will write a custom essay sample on The Louvre or any similar topic only for you Order Now What really fascinated me and grab my attention is the Egyptian antiquity section. I was charmed about this because it had all the details about the volution and life style of this wonderful and fascinating culture and civilization. I’m personally very interested in studying the Egyptian civilization and knowing all the aspect of this culture and this exhibition gathered all the necessary information that I needed and I asked to have. The evolution of this civilization was in front of me in the same place. It was a dream that became a reality. I had all the tools that they used In their dally lives In front of me, I couldn’t believe my eyes. I was watching their dresses and their makeup and Jewelry. I was fascinated about their Inventions and creations that Inspired us and still Inspiring us till today. The Department of Egyptian Antiquities at the Louvre museum houses a major Egyptologlcal collections of the world with 50,000 rooms. This section covered every single detail about this amazing people. The collection covers all periods of ancient Egyptian civilization since the time of Nagada to the Roman and Coptic Egypt. Among the most famous exhibits found at the time of Nagada knife Gebel el-Arak and the range of hunting. The major piece of art illustrating the time thinite is the stele of King Snake. Among all exposed sarcophagi, one finds that of Dioscorides, a Greek general during the reign of Ptolemy VI who decided to be buried according to ancient Egyptian local customs, choosing to do make a sarcophagus. This proved the power of this civilization and how It Influenced others clvlllzatlons. I also liked the Islamic art section since It’s about my religion. The Department of Islamic Art from the Louvre, stablished in August 2003, brings together the collections from an area between Spain and India, dating from the origins of Islamic civilization (622) until the nineteenth century. This department includes several gems of Islamic art: the al- Pyxis Mughira an ivory box dated Spanish 968, the flat peacock, an important Ottoman ceramics, especially the baptistery of St. Louis, one of the most famous pieces and most enigmatic of all Islamic art, created by Muhammad ibn al-Zayn the early fourteenth century. Since 22 September 2012, Islamic art are exhibited at the Louvre in the Cour Visconti. This space allows the display of 3000 works from the collections of the Louvre, but also the Mus ©e des Arts d ©coratifs. It is remarkable how this section take place under a canopy with undulating shapes, recalling from the architects Marlo Belllnl and Rudy Ricclottl a â€Å"dragonfly wing† or a â€Å"flying carpet†. Vlsltlng this museum was a very enriching and fascinating experience where I learned a lot of new things about the civilization that I’m most passionate about and my own rellglon How to cite The Louvre, Papers

Human Cloning Essay Example For Students

Human Cloning Essay Cloning The first thing that must be cleared up is what is cloning, and what is a clone. A clone is an organism derived asexually from a single individual by cuttings, bulbs, tubers, fission, or parthenogenesis reproduction (Cloning, 1997). Pathogenesis reproduction is the development of an organism from an unfertilized ovum, seed or spore (Pathogenesis, 1997). So cloning, biologically speaking, is any process in which production of a clone is successful. Therefore, the biological term cloning is the production of a genetically identical duplicate of an organism. However, people can use the word cloning to intend other meanings. For instance, we generalize many older and new techniques as cloning. This is not a good practice because these techniques are different and impose unique concerns and issues. In the world of scientific technology, cloning is the artificial production of organisms with the same genetic material. Scientists actually call the transferring of a nucleus from the cell of one organism to an enucleated egg cell, nuclear transfer (Wilmut 811). This will produce an organism that has the exact genetic material as that of the donor cell. Scientists are using current techniques exceedingly more, and with a variety of species. Astonishingly, more clones are present in the world than one would think. In nature, and even in the lives of humans, clones are present. As stated earlier, a clone is an organism that has the same genetic information as another organism. From this we can say that cloning occurs with all plants, some insects, algae, unicellular organisms that conduct mitosis or binary fission, and occasionally by all multi-cellular organisms, including humans. Monozygotic twins, or identical twins, are clones of each other. They have the same exact genetic information due to the division of an embryo early in development, which produces two identical embryos. About eight million identical twins are alive in the world; thus, already eight million human clones inhabit the world. Today, the only cloning research is occurring in scientific model organisms. These are organisms that research scientists from around the globe have collected abundant amounts of data. All this data is necessary so that advancements in research can continue more efficiently. The most common scientifi c models are E. coli, mice, fruit flies, and frogs. The first organisms that were cloned using nuclear transfer were frogs. This is because they have large egg cells and scientists can obtain up to two thousand of them from one ovulation. (McKinnel 79) Successful cloning has occurred with livestock. The drive toward success is not because livestock like cows and sheep are model organisms. Instead, the farming industry has made and continues to make a big effort toward finding a way to implement the technique of nuclear transfer for livestock. Research in cloning is also occurring in primates. The reason for studying primates is the similarities with humans. This leads us to the most talked about aspects of cloning, the use of the techniques with human cells and eggs. Cloning of humans in a biological sense already has and is occurring. Scientists are researching by splitting embryos to execute experiments to find data relating to cell differentiation, the use of stem cells, and gene tic screening. Amazingly, genetic screening is occurring in Britain quite often. Fertility clinics aim this service toward couples where the mother or father has a genetic disorder. A fertility clinic will clone an embryo, and then test it for genetic disorders. If the embryo tests negative for genetic disorders, then the fertility clinic implants a clone of that embryo. This should guarantee that the child would not have any genetic disorders. (Benoit 2) Amazingly, the first attempts at artificial cloning were as early as the beginning of this century. Adolph Eduard Driesch allowed the eggs of a sea urchin develop into the two-blastomere stage. Then he separated it by shaking it in a flask and allowing them to grow. The cells developed into dwarf sea urchins. Driesch could not explain his experiments and gave up embryology for philosophy (McKinnel 19). During the late seventies and early eighties, there were few scientists still studying cloning. Many had predicted that it was impo ssible to clone embryonic mammal cells. Few continued with research. Many gave up and went into other fields. However, some persisted and were rewarded for their efforts. Gay Parenting Controversy EssayCloning could also directly offer a means of curing diseases or a technique that could extend means to acquiring new data for embryology and development of organisms as a whole. Scientists foresee the cloning of pigs to produce organs that humans will not reject (Wills 22). Also, as mentioned earlier, livestock can produce biological proteins helping people who have diseases including diabetes, Parkinsons, and Cystic Fibrosis (Kolata 2). Cloning also provides better research capabilities for finding cures to many diseases. There are also possibilities that nuclear transfer could provide benefits to those who would like children. For instance, couples that are infertile, or have genetic disorders, could use cloning to produce a child. Equally important, women who are single could have a child using cloning instead of in-vitro fertilization. Nuclear transfer could also provide children who need organ transplants to have a clone born to donate organs. Cl oning could also provide a copy of a child for a couple whose child had died. Cloning does offer some negative affects it could have to life. The biggest problem with asexual reproduction is that genetic diversity becomes limited. If a population of organisms has the same genetic information, then the disease would wipe out the population. This is because not one organism has an advantage of fighting the disease over the other. The technique of nuclear transfer is also early in its developmental stages. Thus, errors are occurring when scientists carry out the procedure. For instance, it took 277 tries to produce Dolly, and Roslin scientists produced many lambs with abnormalities (Wilmut 811). This is the main reason science is holding out on cloning humans. I also believe we should not attempt nuclear transfer to produce an adult human until the technique is perfected. Other arguments for cloning include if we are taking nature into our own hands by cloning. Religious organizations consider nuclear transfer to cause men to be reproductively obsolete (Post 19). Religious groups claim that cloning defies the rule or their belief that humans have souls. They also consider cloning unnatural, and say we are taking the work of God into our own hands. People question when we will draw the line for getting involved in natural events (Bruce 1). There is also a debate as to the moral rights of clones. Some say this will occur because there is no birth of newness (Post 19). We would not receive clones with such excitement as a child of a couple that conceived naturally. If natural reproduction were to occur, genetic variation would occur. They say cloning would deprive someone to have any perception of uniqueness. They argue that identical twins are not unique from each other. However, they are new in genetic variation and unique from anything that came before them. People also wonder what mental and emotional problems would result if a clone were to find out that he or she was cloned. So anyone who argues that cloning disregards the laws of God and the souls of humans, they should reconsider their views. Cloning does not artificially produce copies of adult humans. Nuclear transfer is the artificial making of an embryo that will develop into an identical twin. No machine that can produce carbon-copy humans when performing nuclear transfer is involved. At this point, I believe we should not use cloning. However, if we are to venture into cloning we must make many precautions. I think the best way to do this is to research the consequences. Yet, I do not believe cloning of animals is acceptable. Thus, I do not think we should conduct cloning experiment on animals. In summary, cloning is ethical, unless there is lack of respect for the lives of animals and humans, and for the ongoing inhabitation of life on earth. Bibliography Works Cited Kluger, Jeffery. Will we Follow the Sheep? Time Magazine. March 10, 1997 Vol. 149 No.10 The Cloning Controversy. Online Available http://www.sican.com/explorations. September 23, 1998. Ethics on Cloning: The issue at hand. Online Available http://www.time.com/cloning. September 24, 1998. National Bioethics Advisory Commission. Cloning Human Beings. Online Available http://bioethics.gov/pubs.html. September 24, 1998. Price, Joyce. Before There was Dolly, There Were Disasters: Scientists failed to disclose abnormalities. The Washington Times. March 11, 1997. Words/ Pages : 2,159 / 24